Topic: MUN1 | VMWEdu

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- at 18:57 #8110
  VMWEdu
  Keymaster
  模拟联合国 (Model United Nations)，简称模联(MUN)，是对联合国大会和其它多边机构的仿真学术模拟，是为青年人组织的公民教育活动。在活动中，青年学生们扮演不同国家或其它政治实体的外交代表，参与围绕国际上的热点问题召开的会议。
  
  代表们遵循议事规则，在会议主席团的主持下，通过演讲来阐述观点，为了“国家利益”辩论、磋商、游说。他们与友好的国家沟通协作，解决冲突；通过写作决议草案和投票表决来推进国际问题的解决。
  
  在模拟联合国，青年学生们通过亲身经历熟悉联合国等多边议事机构的运作方式、基础国际关系与外交知识，并了解世界发生的大事对他们未来的影响，了解自身在未来可以发挥的作用。
  
  模拟联合国活动之所以能够风靡全世界，是因为它是一项极富教育意义的活动。
  - 开阔视野
  模拟联合国活动关注的问题广泛，大都是当今各国面临的热点问题，在这样一个充满激情和挑战的全球化时代，在我国改革开放继续深化，国际局势依然复杂多变的背景下，积极参与这项活动不仅有助于同学们了解联合国，更为同学们提供了一个平台来关心世界，用国际眼光来思考问题、讨论问题。
  
  模拟联合国涉及和平与安全、人权、环境、贫穷与发展、货币政策、石油危机、全球化、公共卫生。
  - 激发学习潜能
  阅读背景资料、会场上书写大量文件、听取发言、阐述观点这些都对学生的语言和写作水平提出了很高的要求。
  
  虽然最终的大会只有短短几天时间，但是在会议之前代表要做好充分的准备。代表必须密切关注“自己的国家”，研究和学习一个国家的历史、政治、经济、外交政策等方方面面，只有这样才能充分扮演好外交官的角色。准备的过程实际上是一个多种学科知识的整合过程，代表们需要将政治、经济、历史和地理知识与大会要讨论的问题紧密结合，思考各个要素之间的联系。这有利于就打破学科间的壁垒，形成丰满完整的知识体系。
  - 锻炼领袖才能
  模联是一种互动性极强的学习经历，青年人不仅能够学习和讨论国际事务，还能够通过实践来锻炼自己组织、策划、管理、研究、写作演讲、辩论、解决冲突、求同存异和与他人沟通交往等多方面能力。这些会让学生受益终身。
  
  其中包括：研究、写作、辩论、演讲、协商、时间管理、危机处理、团队合作、沟通与妥协。
  
  原联合国秘书长科菲·安南在一封致模拟联合国大会的贺信中说：“联合国依靠世界上每个人的努力而存在，尤其是像你们这样的青年。这个世纪，不久就会是你们的。”当今的年轻人将是未来决策的制定者。模拟联合国就是这样一个活动，让青年人的领袖才能得到锻炼。中国正越来越多地在世界舞台上发挥作用，中国的年轻人也应该为迎接国际化的挑战做好充分的准备。相信在模拟联合国的舞台上，青年学子能够上演精彩而震撼的一幕。
  - 培养精英学生
  模拟联合国是世界上影响力最广泛的学生活动，如哥伦比亚大学，耶鲁大学，哈佛大学，斯坦福大学等世界知名高校都有每年一度的模拟联合国大会。除此，模拟联合国还分布在美国，日本，英国，瑞士，阿根廷，奥地利，比利时，埃及，荷兰，德国，加拿大，韩国，泰国等多国的高校中。富于朝气的年轻人在这个舞台上尽情地展现自己的风采！模拟联合国的活动长期受到了联合国总部的支持与帮助，给与许多国家的模拟联合国活动以函电鼓励和赞扬，并在联合国官方网站上建立了关于全世界模拟联合国的专版网页。
  
  老师简介：
  - 牛津大学法学专业
  - 2017世界青少年个人辩论与演讲大赛冠军
  - 2016加拿大全国演讲赛冠军
  - 2016 2017 国际演讲赛冠军
  - 全英规模最大的牛津大学全球MUN组委会成员，组织来自全世界700多位代表参加MUN.
  - 2018年北京召开的WEMUN担任UNODC主席
  Teacher’s bio:
  Olivia is from the University of Oxford. She has been actively competing in public speaking, debating, and model United Nations competitions since she was 12 years old, and is involved heavily in debating at Oxford.
  
  As a public speaker, she was the 2017 World Individual Public Speaking Champion (WIDPSC), 2016 Canadian National Public Speaking Champion, and two-time International Public Speaking Champion (2016 and 2017).
  
  With regards to model United Nations, Olivia has won Best Delegate (1st place) at 20+ conferences, as well as numerous Outstanding Delegate (2nd place) awards. At Oxford, she served on the organizing committee of Oxford Global MUN: the largest Model United Nations conference in the UK, hosting 700+ delegates from around the world. She is also an experienced head chair, having authored a comprehensive 5500+ word background guide on Colombian Narcoterrorism in the 20th century, as well as facilitating a four-cabinet crisis committee based on the guide. In 2018 she traveled to Beijing to serve as the head chair of the UNODC at the prestigious WEMUN conference.
  
  As a debater, she was the 2015 and 2017 World Debating Champion at WIDPSC, a Hart-House High School Finalist, and the top First Year Speaker at the 2018 Bristol Open. She is also an experienced judge, having served on the organizational commits of the Oxford Inter-varsity Debate Tournament, Oxford Schools High School Debate Championship, and the Oxford Women’s Open debate tournament.
  
  Lesson Plan:
  
  Oct 17th ,31st,
  
  Nov 7th,14th,28th
  
  MUN
  Week1
  Introduction
  
  Week 2
  Topic/Committee:
  Disease Control in Humanitarian Emergencies – World Health Organization (WHO)
  
  Week 3
  Topic/Committee:
  Improving Literacy Rates Among Indigenous Peoples – United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
  
  Week 4
  Topic/Committee:
  Reducing the Illicit Arms Trade in Africa – Disarmament and International Security Committee(DISEC)
  
  Week 5
  Topic/Committee:
  Eliminating Child Labor – The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
  
  Week 6
  Topic/Committee:
  Broadening the Scope of Women’s Citizenship, Leadership, and Political Participation in Transition Countries – Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
  
  Week 7
  Topic/Committee:
  Combating Racism, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance – Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural
  Committee (SOCHUM)
  
  Week 8
  Topic/Committee:
  Promoting Sustainable Mining Practices – United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
  
  Week 9
  Topic/Committee:
  Supplying Sustainable Energy Sources to Small Island Developing States – International Energy Associate (IEA)
  
  Week 10
  Topic/Committee:
  Space Security and Militarization – United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)
  
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- at 13:56 #8677
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  Topic/Committee: Disease Control in Humanitarian Emergencies – World Health Organization (WHO)
  
  Explanation: Following major conflicts or natural disasters, hundreds and occasionally millions of people are displaced and relocated to temporary locations with a high population density, such as refugee camps. The World Health Organization has established that those affected by mass relocation are at a significantly higher risk for disease due to inadequate food and shelter, unsafe water, and poor sanitation and hygiene. This is of particular concern in the midst of the current COVID-19 pandemic and requires more attention now than ever. Delegates must work together to ensure the health and well-being of those impacted by humanitarian emergencies. The committee must address their ideas for how to provide operational support during crises, strengthen partnerships with local organizations, provide technical support, and improve training workshops/education. Importantly, there should be a focus on the specific impact of COVID-19 in delegates’ own countries, as well as in countries with a high concentration of refugees etc. (in some cases, delegates will have been assigned countries that are specifically affected by this issue).
  
  Preparation for Week 2:
  - Research your assigned country and become familiar with it on a basic level – the CIA world factbook is a helpful resource, and you should fill out the BestDelegate ‘country profile’ worksheet and add it to your binder
    
    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/
    
    https://bestdelegate.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Best-Delegate-Country-Profile. pdf
    
    https://bestdelegate.com/mun-research-made-easy-15-things-every-delegate-should-h ave-in-their-research-binder/
  - Read some background reading for next week’s topic as well as independently researching your country’s stance on the issue Week 2 (first week of moderated caucus)
    
    https://www.redcross.org.uk/stories/disasters-and-emergencies/world/coronavirus-in-refugee-camps
    
    https://www.rescue-uk.org/coronavirus?utm_source=www.rescue.org&utm_medium=georedirect
    
    https://sciencenorway.no/covid19-disease-refugees/professor-about-the-coronavirus-i-fear-many-children-will-die-in-refugee-camps/1656886
    
    https://time.com/5893135/covid-19-refugee-camps/
    
    https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/39929/wash-in-camps
    
    https://www.npr.org/2020/04/05/827582516/in-worlds-overcrowded-refugee-camps-proper-hygiene-isolation-are-impossible?t=1603893383282
- at 17:49 #9062
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  Apologies for the delay everyone – there seems to be a technological issue on my end, which has resulted in my posts occasionally being deleted. This was originally uploaded yesterday, but it has been brought to my attention that it had disappeared. Hopefully, this will be solved soon.
  
  Topic/Committee:
  
  Improving Literacy Rates Among Indigenous Peoples – United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
  
  Explanation:
  
  Closing the gap between indigenous communities and the rest of modern society has been at the forefront of UNESCO’s work since its inception in 1945. Now, over seventy years later, improving education in indigenous communities is still at the center of UNESCO’s mission. In this committee delegates will be tasked with improving literacy rates among indigenous people. This is an extremely difficult task due to the fact that are over 4,000 vastly different indigenous languages in the world. In Cambodia, for example, the literacy rate for those who do not speak Khmer is over 30% lower than the national literacy rate. Therefore, delegates must discuss how to increase literacy rates while still preserving the culture and languages of indigenous groups. Importantly, there should be a focus on the specific plight of indigenous peoples in delegates’ own countries, as well as in other countries with a high concentration of indigenous peoples etc.
  
  Preparation for Week 3:
  
  Conduct some general background research on this week’s topic, as well as independently researching your own country’s stance on the issue
- at 15:35 #9181
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  Topic/Committee:
  
  Reducing the Illicit Arms Trade in Africa – Disarmament and International Security Committee(DISEC)
  
  Explanation:
  
  The illegal trade of small arms in Africa is a growing issue that places millions of people in danger. Many of the weapons circulating through the illegal arms trade are seized or stolen from government forces, looted from armories, purchased from corrupt soldiers, or stolen from private owners. In January 2000, for example, over 550 assault rifles, machine guns, grenades, and over two tons of ammunition were seized from peacekeepers in an ambush by Sierra Leonean rebels. These weapons are often used in armed conflicts by child soldiers or rebel groups and place many civilian lives at risk. Thus, delegates must advance existing programs and develop new solutions in order to ensure peace across the African continent. Importantly, there should be a focus on the specific impact of the African arms trade in delegates’ own countries, or their countries participation in the African arms trade. Note, in some cases, delegates will have been assigned countries that are specifically affected on the negative side of this issue. In other words, they profit from the arms trade in Africa, despite its illegal nature. Delegates should be conscious of this, and attempting to avoid making other countries aware of this, when discussing their stances on the issue…For those delegates who are uninvolved, your priority should be calling out the hypocrisy of countries who are involved.
  
  Preparation for Week 4:
  
  Conduct some general background research on this week’s topic, as well as independently researching your own country’s stance on the issue
- at 11:25 #9601
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  MUN Week 6
  
  Topic/Committee:
  
  Eliminating Child Labour – The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
  
  Explanation:
  
  Recent data from UNICEF and the World Bank suggests that over 168 million children ages 5 to 17 are caught in the chains of the child labour system, deprived of their childhood, education, and health. The worst forms of child labour include slavery, forced labour, child soldiering, sexual exploitation, and drug trafficking. Despite steady declines, though, over 100 million children are expected to remain caught in the system in 2021. That being said, the work of this committee to tackle child labour is more important than ever. UNICEF believes that in order to prevent child labour, children must be placed at the center of programs designed to protect their rights. Delegates in this committee will discuss the most effective ways to end child labour, including helping communities to change their cultural acceptance of child labor, and providing income, education, and protective services to families. Importantly, there should be a focus on the specific impact of child labour in delegates’ own countries Note, in some cases, delegates will have been assigned countries that are specifically affected on the negative side of this issue. In other words, they profit from child labour. Delegates should be conscious of this, and attempting to avoid making other countries aware of this, when discussing their stances on the issue…For those delegates who are uninvolved, your priority should be calling out the hypocrisy of countries who are involved, and holding them to account.
  
  Preparation for Week 6:
  
  Conduct some general background research on this week’s topic, as well as independently researching your own country’s stance on the issue
- at 09:57 #10095
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  MUN Week 7
  
  Topic/Committee:
  
  Combating Racism, Xenophobia, and Related Intolerance – Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural
  Committee (SOCHUM)
  
  Explanation:
  
  In recent years there has been a noticeable rise in violent attacks and hate crimes on minority groups. One example of intolerance that has been on the rise is Islamophobia, which has mainly stemmed from the incorrect belief that all Muslim individuals support terror groups. Xenophobic discrimination and racism also exist around the world to an unfortunate degree, and more general discrimination targets countless groups such as the LGBTQ+ community and indigenous peoples. The delegates of this committee must ensure that each and every citizen of this world receives the liberties and freedoms guaranteed to them by the Declaration of Human Rights.
  
  Preparation:
  
  Conduct some general background research on this week’s topic, as well as independently researching your own country’s stance on the issue
- at 23:21 #10405
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  MUN Week 8
  
  Topic/Committee:
  
  Promoting Sustainable Mining Practices – United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
  
  Explanation:
  
  Small-scale, illegal miners place both the environment and human lives in danger by using harmful chemicals such as mercury to extract precious metals. According to data from the UNEP, 20% of the world’s gold comes from illegal miners, employing over 15 million people (including over 600,000 children) to work with toxic chemicals. Contaminated soil and water also place neighboring communities at an increased risk for chemical poisoning. Delegates in this community will be working to advance previous solutions, such as the Minamata Convention, and develop their own lasting solutions to the issue in both their countries and others. This is a multifaceted topic, concerning not only the impact of unethical mining practices on the environment but also with regards to labour protections (eg. prohibition on child labour, safe working environments, organized crime, adequate pay, slavery, etc.).
  
  Preparation:
  
  Conduct some general background research on this week’s topic, as well as independently researching your own country’s stance on the issue
- at 07:31 #10924
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  MUN Week 9
  
  Topic/Committee:
  
  Broadening the Scope of Women’s Citizenship, Leadership, and Political Participation in Transition Countries – Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
  
  Explanation:
  
  One key focus of the CSW is to ensure that transitions are fully inclusive and democratic, meaning that they respond to the needs and priorities of women and girls. Delegates will have to ensure that inclusive national dialogue is being fostered and that transition countries adopt gender-responsive policies. They also must address the need for governments to make national budgets supportive and committed to gender equality, and strengthen partnerships between both governments and NGOs.
  
  Preparation:
  
  Conduct some general background research on this week’s topic, as well as independently researching your own country’s stance on the issue.
- at 01:41 #11294
  OliviaR
  Keymaster
  MUN Week 10 (Last class!! :'( )
  
  Topic/Committee:
  
  Space Security and Militarization – United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA)
  
  Explanation:
  
  Thankfully, the world community has not yet taken steps to militarize outer space. However, the reification of militarization still exists and is a grave issue. It is encouraging to note that there exist treaties that prevent the militarization of space to some extent including treaties such as but not limited to, the Outer Space Treaty which reinforces that all states under international law are free to explore and make use of outer space for peaceful purposes. Furthermore, the Outer Space Treaty also explicitly prohibits the placement of Weapons of Mass Destruction in outer space (WMD). However, there are still areas in which the Outer Space Treaty lacks effectiveness, and many think it will become obsolete in the near future due to rapid advances in technology. Delegates in this committee will all have VERY different agendas…so remember to stay true to the policy of your country (do more individual research this week than you would normally do) whilst searching for a workable compromise.
  
  Preparation:
  
  Conduct some general background research on this week’s topic, as well as independently researching your own country’s stance on the issue.
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MUN1

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